Abnormal menstrual periods and infertility in women

Abnormal menstrual periods and infertility in women

Most women have menstrual periods that last four to seven days. Example of menstrual problems include periods that occurs less than 21 days and more than 35 days apart, missing three or more periods in row, and menstrual flow that is much heavier or lighter than usual. Treatment option include medication and surgery.

What is abnormal menstruation?

. Period that occur less than 21  days and more than 35 days      apart.

.  Missing three or more period in row

.  Menstrual flow that is much heavier and lighter than usual

.  Periods that last longer than seven days.

.  Period that are accompanied by pain, cramping, nausea or  

    vomiting.

.  Bleeding or spotting that happen between periods, after          menopause.

What causes the abnormal menstruation ?

There are many causes of abnormal periods, ranging from stress to more serious underlying medical conditions:

Stress and lifestyle change: Gaining and losing a   significant amount of weight, dieting,change in exercise

 routines, travel,illness, or distruption in women's daily   routine can have an impact or her menstrual cycle.

Birth control phills:  pending : Most birth control pills contain a combination of the hormones estrogen and progestin. The pills prevent pregnancy by keeeping the ovaries from releasing eggs. Going on or off birth  control pills can affect menstruation. Some women have irregular or missed periods for up to six months after discontinuing birth control pills. This is an important consideration when you are planning on conception and becoming pregnant. Women who taken birth control pills that contain progestin only may have bleeding between periods.
Uterine polyps or fibroids : Ulterine polyps are small benign growth in the lining of the uterine. Ulterine fibriods are tumors that attach to the well of the uterus. There may be one or several fibroids that range from as small as an apple seed to the size of a grapefruit. These tumors are usually benign, but they may cause heavy bleeding and pain during periods. If the fibroids are large, they might put pressure on the bladder or rectum,causing discomfort.
Endometriosis : The endrometriosis tissue that lines the uterus breaks down every month and is discharged with the menstrual flow. Endrometriosis occur when the endometrial tissue starts  too grow outside the uterus. Often, the endometrial tissue attaches itself to the overies or fallpain tubes;it sometimes grows on the intestines or other organs in the lower digestive tract and in the area between your rectum and uterus.
Pelvic inflammatory diseases : Pelvic inflammatory diseases is a bacterial infection that affects the female reproductive system. Bacteria may enter the vagina via sexual contact and then spread to the uterus and upper genital tract. Bacteria might also enter  the reproductive tract via gynecologic procedures or through childbirth,miscarriage, or abortion. Symptoms of PID include  a heavy vaginal discharge with an unpleasant odor, irregular priods, pain in the pelvic and lower abdominal areas,fever,nausea,vomiting and diarr hea.
Other causes of abnormal menstruation include:
. Ulterine cancer or carvical caner
. Medications, such as steroids or anticoagulant drugs (blood   thinners)
. Medical conditions, such as bleeding disorders, an under -or  overactive thyroid gland, or pituitary disorders the affect     hormonal  balance
. Complications  associated with pregnancy, including       miscarriage or  an  ectopic pregnancy ( the fertilized egg implanted outside the uterus; for  example, within the fallopian tube)
Treatment of abnormal menstruation include:
.  Regulation of the menstrual cycle : Hompones such      as estrogen or progestin might be prescribed to help control    heavy bleeding.
.  Pain control : Mild to moderate pain or cramps might be     lessened by taking an over-the-counter pain reliever, such      as ibuprofen . Aspirin is not recommended beacuse it               might causes heavier bleeding. Taking a warm bath or           shower or using heating pad might help to relieve cramps.
. Ulterine fibroids : These can be treated medically and surgically. Initially, most fibroids that are causing mild symptoms can be treated with over-the-counter pain releiver.
If you experience heavy bleeding, an iron supplement might bee helpful in preventing or treating anemia. Low-dose birth control pills or progestin injection may help to control heaavy bleeding caused by fibroids. Drugs called gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists may be used to shrink the size of the fibroids and control heavy bleeding. If fibroids do not respond to medication, there are a variety of surgical options that can remove them or lessen their size and symptoms. The type of procedure will depend on the size, type, and location of the fibroids. During a hysterectomy, the fibroids are removed along with the  uterus. Other options include uterine artery embolization, which cuts off the blood supply to the active fibroids  tissue.
. Endometroisis : Althrough there is no cure for endometriosis, over-the-counter or prescription pain  releiver may help to lessen the discomfort. Hormone treatments such as birth control pills may help prrevent overgrowth of uterine tissue and reduce the amount of blood loss during periods. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary remove excess endometrial  tissue growing in the pelvis.
A hysterectomy mmighht may be required as a last resort if the uterus has been severely  demaged.