What is arthritis, causes and treatment

What is arthritis, causes and treatment ? 

Arthritis  is very common but  is not well understand.Actually,
"arthritis"is not a single diseases.it is informal way of referring to joint pain or joint diseases. There are more than 100 different types 
of arthritis.People of all ages, sexes and races can and do have arthritis, it is leading causes of disability in america. it is most common among women and occur more frequently as people get older.
Common arthritis joint symptoms including swelling, pain, stiffness and decreased range of motion. Symptoms may come and go.They can be mild, moderate and severe.They may stay about the same years, but may progress or get worse over time. Severe arthritis can result in chronic pain, inability to do daily activity and make it difficult to walk and climb stairs.Arthritis can causes permanent joint change. They change may be visible, such as knobby finger joints, but often the demand can only be seen X-ray.
Some types of arthritis also affect the heart, eyes, lungs, kidney and skin as well as the joints.


 Types of Arthritis?
1.Degenerative Arthritis
2.Inflammatory Arthritis
3.Infectious Arthritis
4.Metabolic Arthritis
5.Back-pain Arthritis

1.Degenerative Arthritis :  Osteoarthritis is the most common types of arthritis. When the cartilage - the slick, cushioning surface on the ends boneswear away, bone rubs aganist bone, causing pain, swelling and stiffness.Overtime, joint can lose strength and pain may become chrronic.
Risk factor include excess the weight, family history, age and previous injury.
causes of degenerative arthritis:
At its heart, degenerative arthritis is a condition in which the progressive damage to a joint oocur faster than the body's ability to repair it. The condition may be instigated by any number of things, includings:
. A congenital misalignment of bones
. A joint injury
. Any diseases that causes damage to joint tissue and bones
. Obesity, which places persistent stress to a joint
. Loss of muscles strength to support a joint
. Neurologic disorders associated with uncoordinate movements
 Symptoms of osteoarthritis  are mild and moderate,they can   managed by:
. Balancing activity with rest
. Using cold and hot therapies
. Regular physical activity
.  Maintaining the healthy weight
. Strengthening the muscles around the joint for added support
. Using assistive devices
. Taking over the counter pain relievers or anti-inflammatory       medicine
. Avoiding excessive repitive movements
 If joint symptoms are severe , causing limited mobility and   affecting quality of life.
Treatment of degenerative arthritis:
Treatment is aimed at managed symptoms, restoring/maintaining function and slowing the progressive of arthritis. Particularly in the early stages, the condition is managed conservatively with a combination of lifestyle change, physical therapies and pain medication.if symptoms progress, more invasive intervations may be needed, including jointinfection and surgery.
. Lifestyle change
. Physical therapies
. Over the counter(OTP) remedies
. Prescriptions
. joint injection
. Surgery

2.Inflammatory arthritis: A healthy immune system is protective. it generates internal inflammatory arthritis to get rid of infection and prevent diseases. But the immune system can go away,mistakenly attacking the joint with uncontrolled the inflammatory, potentially causes joint erosing and may damage internal organ , eyes and the other parts of body.
Rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis are example of the inflammatory arthritis.
with autoimmune and inflammatory types of arthritis, early diagnosing and aggressive treatment is critical. Slowing diseases 
activity can minimize or even prevent permanent joint damage.
Remission is the goal and may achieved through the use of one or more medications known as diseases modifying antirheumatic drugs(DMARD'S).

Causes of inflammatory arthritis:
Inflammatio is caused by a number of physical reactions triggered by the immune system in response to a physical injury or a infection.
Infammatory are main three processes occur :
. The small branches of arteries enlarge when supplying blood to     the damaged region, resulting in increased blood flow.
. Capillaries become easier for fluids and proteins to infitrate,   meaning that they can move between blood and cells.
. The body releases neutrophils. A neutrophils is a types of white     blood cell filled with tiny sacs that contain enzymes and digest   microorganisms.  

Symptoms of inflammatory : 

. Redness
. Swollen joint that's sometimes warm to the touch
. Joint pain
. Joint stiffness
. Loss of joint function
Treatment of inflammatory arthritis:
. Joint damage appears early
. DMARDS(diseases modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) can alter the
  clinical picture and decrease erosion of bones and imorove long-      term function and appear likely to lengthen life and reduce             comorbidities.
. Assessing prognosis is key to selection of appropriate treatements.
. Regular follow-up needed to make sure patient is reaching   appropiate goals to diseases improvement

3. Infectious arthritis:
Infectious arthritis, also called septic arthritis, is an infection in a joint that causes arthritis like symptoms. Infectious arthritis occur
when the bacteria or a virus enters the joint and multiples, causing painful symptoms in around the joint.
it is essential to diagnose and treat infectious arthritis quickly to prevent joint damage and the spread of infection.
Infectious arthritis usually affects just one joint, but it also spread to other joints.
Causes of infectious arthritis:
Infectious  arthritis is a type of arthritis that occurs when bacteria or viruses, or other organism get into the fluid between joints and multiply.
People are exposed to bacteria all the time, but immune system usually removes from the body. If the bacteria enter closed areas, such as the joint, they can easy multiply, causing a severe infection with inflammatory and swelling.
The infammatory can breake down tissues in the joints, causing 
permanent damage of the cartilage and bone.
A bacteria  called Staphylococci usually infectious  arthritis. The strain of become causes many other skin condition:
Other strain  of bacteria that may cause infectious arthritis include:
. Streptococcus, which cause strep infections
. Gonococcus, which cause gonorrhea    
Symptoms of infectious arthritis:  
Like other forms of arthritis, the primary symptoms of infectious arthritis are swelling, pain and stiffness in the affected joints. Other symptoms of infectious arthritis can include:
. Pain that is more significant than in non-infectious  inflammatory   arthritis
. A limited range of motion in the affected joint
. Redness, or erythema
. Fever, which may be higher than in inflammatory arthritis 
. Fatigue
. Weakness
. Changes in appetite
. Increased irritability
. Skin rashes
Treatment of infectious arthritis:
In most cases, symptoms will start to improve after  a 1-2 full days of treatment. A full recovery can take several weeks, but the infection should disappear entirely.
. Antibiotics
. Anti-fungal medication
. Anti-viral medication
. Draining the joint 

4. Metabolic Arthritis:
Metabolic arthritis is another name for gount arthritis. Metabolic arthritis is a vary painful type of arthritis that affects the joints,especially the big toe.
Causes of metabolic arthritis:
Metabolic arthritis is caused by a buildup of uric acid in the blood. This acid crystallizes and the crystals deposit in the joints. Eventually, the causes sudden attacks of excruciating pain,redness and swelling.
Metabolic arthritic is closely likely to overweight or obesity and inactivity. It's also linked to a condition is called insulin resistance.
Insulin is a hormone made by your pancreas that helps sugar enter 
your cells to be used as fuel.
Risk factors are metabolic arthritis:
. Age
. Ethnicity
. Obesity
. Diabetes
. Other diseases
Symptoms of metabolic arthritis:
Most of the disorders associated with metabolic arthritis don't obvious signs and symptoms. One sign that is visible is a large waist circumference. And if your blood sugar is high, you might notice the signs and symptoms of diabetes- such as increased thirst
and urination,fatigue, and blurred vision.
 When to see a doctor
If the know you have at least one compotent of metabolic arthritis, 
ask your doctor whether you need testing fr other components of the arthritis.
Treatment of metabolic arthritis:
If you've been diagnosed with metabolic arthritis or any of its components, making healthy lifestyle change can help prevent or delay serious health problem, such as heart attack or stroke. A healthy lifestyle includes:
. Regular physical activity
. Weight loss
. Healthy diet
. Stopping smoking
. Reducing and managing stress

5. Back-pain arthritis: 
Back pain is one of the most common reasons people go to the doctor or miss work , and it is a leading cause of disability the worldwide. Most people have back pain at least once.
Fortunately, you can take measures to prevent or relieve most back pain episode. If preventions fails, simple home treatment and proper body mechanics often will heal your back within a few weeks and keep it functional. Surgery is rarely needed to treat back
pain.
Symptoms of back pain: 
 Symptoms are back pain can include:-
. Muscle ache
. Shooting or stabbing pain
. Pain that radiates down your leg
. Pain that worsens with bending, lifting, standing and walking
. Pain that improves with reclining
 When to see a doctor
Most back pain gradually improves with home treatment and self-care, usually within a few weeks. If yours doesn't improve in that time, see your doctor.
 Causes of back pain:
Back pain that comes on suddenly and lasts no more  than six weeks can be caused by a fall or heavy lifting. Back pain that lasts more than three months is less common than acute pain.
Back pain often develops without a cause that your doctor can identify with a test or an imagine study. Conditions commonly linked to back pain include:
. Muscle or ligament strain
. Bulging or ruptured disks
. Arthritis
. Skeletal irregularities
. Osteoporosis
. Nerve studies
 Treatment of back pain:
Most acute back pain gets better with a few weeks of homes treatment. However, everyone is different, and back pain is a complex condition. For many, the pain doesn't go away for a long period, but only a few have persistent, severe pain.
 For acute back pain, over-the-counter pain relievers and the use of heat might be all you need. Bed rest is n't recommended.
Continue your activities as much as you are tolerate. Try light activity, such as walking and activity  of daily living. Stop activity
that increases pain, but don't avoid activity out of fear of pain. If home treatments aren't working after several weeks, your doctor might suggest medications or other therapies.
. Medications
. Education
. Physical therapy and exercise  
. Surgery
. Clinical trials